Section 4, we survey and comment related work on privacy and security issues of smart grids. Smart grid reference model, characteristics and implementation. Smart grid cybersecurity must address both inadvertent compromises of the electric infrastructure, due to user errors, equipment failures, and natural disasters, and deliberate attacks, such as from disgruntled employees, industrial espionage, and terrorists. There is a lack of security features being built into smart grid systems.
However, even though the standards bodies define the security requirements based on a fairly comprehensive set of use cases in the power industry, there is still a considerable gap between understanding the security requirements in the standards and applying. Security issues of a phasor data concentrator for smart. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of cyber security issues for the smart grid. Smart grid characteristics it will operate resiliently against attack and natural disaster physical and cyber security built in from the ground up reduces threat, vulnerability, consequences deters, detects, mitigates, responds, and restores less vulnerable to natural disasters energy security has become national security. Cyber security and privacy issues in smart grids um university of. Security challenges in smartgrid metering and control systems.
A user can run this application to merge protected pdf documents on any windows os versions. Ppt cyber security and privacy issues in smart grids. Smart grid information security as a result of the merger of two ontologies. Once the process is completed, pdf merger will prompt message about the completion of the merging. The security of any future smart grid is dependent on successfully addressing the cyber security issues associated with the nations current power grid. This talk will present a brief survey of various essential components of the smart grid, its relationship with cyber and some of the security challenges that encompass different aspects of its operation. Ontology of cyber security of selfrecovering smart grid. It security strategies have been honed over decades. Besides, an outlook on the main security initiatives at the eulevel is presented. Security challenges in smartgrid metering and control systems xinxin fan and guang gong smart grid metering and control system. The inclusion of these components on the smart grid requires an information and communication technology ict layer in order to exchange information, control, and monitor the electrical components of the smart grid.
Smartgrid security issues authorized licensed use limited to. With so much at stake, security failures could put one of our core utilities in peril. Defining product requirements, then, takes on an even more vital role. Reinventing the electric power system a 2012 reprint journal from pes.
Security remains to be one of the most important issues in smart grid systems given the danger and inconvenience residents and companies alike might encounter if the grid falls under attack. The north american electric reliability corporation has created a number of cyber security standards, but recent senate legislation, namely the critical electric infrastructure protection act, makes it clear federal leadership needs consolidated. This is majorly by combining the present functionalities and the future ones with. Cyber security issues for the smart grid 3 jan 2010. Section 9 issues specific to north american grid security. Smart grid security an overview sciencedirect topics. Smart grid implementations will certainly increase the quantity, quality, and use of information available from advanced sensing, computing, and communications hardware and software. Additionally, there is the potential to merge cyber and physical events. The principal goal of the open dialogue is to identify the main concerns regarding the security of smart grids as well as to recognize and support national, paneuropean and international initiatives on smart grid security. How to address the security challenges in smart grids. Smart grid cyber security potential threats, vulnerabilities and risks is the interim report for the smart grid information assurance and security technology assessment project contract number 500.
When it comes to the management of large numbers of pdf files, merging them together is the smart move. Keep electricity flowing to customers, businesses, and industry. All standards bodies consistently specify three highlevel smartgrid security objectives. This report describes the main technologies that support smart grid and summarizes the status of implementation into the existing u. Part of a longterm economic strategy bruce hamilton smart grid. Security issues and challenges for the iotbased smart grid. Nist will address these challenges through research conducted in the nist. Security aspects of the smart grid chapters 7, 8, and 9 provide an overview on the policy context and the security standards that are being defined at the level of smart grid security. While some solutions were proposed to solve security issues in the smart grid, vulnerabilities still exist. Cyber security issues in the transmission subsystem of a smart grid 253 figure 1 a hierarchical system infrastructure of the smart grid 5. An analysis of smart grid attacks and countermeasures.
It poses several security threats that are well known li et al. Section 5 concludes the paper, pointing out directions for enlarging the scope of the current work. Unlike the traditional power system, smart grid network includes many components and most of them are out of the utilitys premises. Pdf smart grids sgs deployments have made power systems. Pdf the cyberphysical nature of the smart grid has rendered it vulnerable to a multitude of attacks that. This fact increases the number of insecure physical locations and makes them vulnerable to physical access. The smart grid and cybersecurity regulatory policy and. In the following, a few approaches proposed to handle security issues in the smart grid are outlined. This section surveys existing solutions and methods that address the cyber security issues in the smart grid. Meanwhile, smart grid security standards progress slowly, when they. For example, our experts told us that certain currently available smart meters have not been designed with a strong security architecture and lack important security features, including event logging and forensics capabilities which are needed to detect and analyze. Smart grid is a term referring to the next generation power grid in which the electricity distribution and management is upgraded by incorporating advanced twoway communications and pervasive computing capabilities for improved control, efficiency.
Pdf security issues on smart grid and blockchainbased. The purpose of this book is to give readers in plain language a fix on the current position of the smart grid and its adoption. Iotbased smart grids security issues and challenges the addedict dimension to the classical powergrid, introduced newsecurity issues and challengesthat were not or rarelypresent on the classical power grid. The smart grid concept is being fostered due to required evolution of the power network to incorporate distributed energy sources des, renewable energy sources.
It is extremely important for designers and practitioners of smart grids. You will get a feel for the issues surrounding it, the challenges ahead, the countless opportunities it presents and the benefits we all stand to gain. Pdf the smart grid has emerged to address the shortcomings of oneway existing grid systems, and is the next generation power grid infrastructure that. Security challenges in smart grid implementation sanjay goel and yuan hong abstract the smart grid architecture amalgamates the physical power grid and a communication grid into a single monolithic network. First, download pdf split and merge tool and click on merge option. Having identified various threats and challenges faced by the grid system, the threats must be welldefined and an encompassing approach towards the operational security provisions. Smart grid, power system control, power system security, active distribution management, automated meter reading. Pdf cyber security issues for the smart grid shiva. Jun 17, 2016 unfortunately, smart grid security issues are equally numerous, and the smart grid threatens to dramatically expand the threat landscape. The twoway communication flows brings cyber security issues to the smart grid. Then, we summarize and recommend a number of countermeasures. Jun 18, 2009 but we have to be vigilant and address security issues in smart grid early on. The smart grid and cybersecurityregulatory policy and issues congressional research service 1 introduction electricity is vital to the commerce and daily functioning of united states.
Smart grid security issues ieee conference publication. An overview enterprise systems web applications control systems protection systems information infrastructure electrical infrastructure ami dsm oms gis smart grid technology. Jun 22, 2016 the cyberphysical nature of the smart grid has rendered it vulnerable to a multitude of attacks that can occur at its communication, networking, and physical entry points. This process has many drivers, such as reliability and efficiency, and many potential benefitsfor example, minimiz ing climate impact by making it easier. The cyberphysical nature of the smart grid has rendered it vulnerable to a multitude of attacks that can occur at its. General cyber security concepts what does cyber security cover. The main contribution of this article is to provide the. This article has given a broadbrush description of issues related to smartgrid security. Securing the smart grid current security issues final.
All standards bodies consistently specify three highlevel smart grid security objectives. Develop a set of minimum security requirements to be applied in all communication interdependencies in smart grids implement security measures on all devices and protocols that are part, or make. Illustration of a smart grid architecture highlighting the underlying cyber layer and security threats. The security of smart grid communication has become an open challenge 122 123124125. Integration of the power grid with computing devices and networks has had a profound effect on the security of the smart grid. A smart grid is a huge complex network composed of millions of devices and entities connected with each other.
Multifactor authentication refers to the combining of two or three of these. Such cyberphysical attacks can have detrimental effects on the operation of the grid as exemplified by the recent attack which caused a blackout of the ukranian power grid. Nist will address these challenges through research conducted in the nist smart grid testbed facility and leadership within the smart. Experts say industry is working to address security issues so smart meters dont become an infrastructure nightmare. The smart grid and cybersecurity regulatory policy and issues.
This document reports about the works of smart grid cyber security work group in the computer security division of nist. Now, you have to click on the add file button and select pdf file which you want to merge. Recently, some research has been done to address security issues in smart grid. Different cyber security countermeasures need to be applied to the heterogeneous smart grid according to the. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Security challenges in smart grid metering and control systems xinxin fan and guang gong smart grid metering and control system. Nation, 2011, govxlibraryassetsrmastrategicnationalriskassessmentppd8. Abstract the smart grid, generallyreferredto as the nextgenerationpowersystem, is considered asa revolutionaryand evolution.
However, even though the standards bodies define the security requirements based on a fairly comprehensive set of use cases in the power industry, there is still a considerable gap between understanding the security. Chapter 1 security challenges in smart grid implementation. Such a massive network comes with many security concerns and vulnerabilities. This section surveys existing solutions and methods that address the cyber security issues. For decades, the power system industry has been developing extensive and. Electricity is generated by using resources like oil, coal, nuclear emission, flowing water, sunlight, wind, tide, etc. It is extremely important for designers and practitioners of smart grids to gain deep understanding about a wide range of malicious attacks to the smart grid, as detailed below. A holistic view of security and privacy issues in smart grids. As smart grid approaches, security concerns follow gcn. Smart grid communication architecture with attacks illustrated. Cyber security in the smart grid is a crucial issue that attracted the attention of researchers and industry professionals.
Smart grid security threats classification by sources. Gridpedia and ontology of cybersecurity in the energy sector e. In particular, we address two main vulnerabilities of the. As a result, they help utilities address two of the main issues. The electrical grid of the united states consists of all the power plants generating electricity, together with the. You will learn what the smart grid is and what it is not. The smart grid and cybersecurityregulatory policy and issues congressional research service 2 authorities1 which integrate resource plans ahead of time, maintain loadinterchange generation. Request pdf smart grid security issues the smart grid concept is being fostered due to required evolution of the power network to incorporate distributed energy sources des, renewable.
Three main security objectives must be incorporated in the smart grid system. An overview enterprise systems web applications control systems protection systems information infrastructure electrical infrastructure ami dsm oms gis smart grid technology cyber secure 7. Implementing security controls into the modern power infrastructure is a great place to start. The authors based on the fact that gridpedia can be. Abb white paper security in the smart grid 3 this presents a moving target for systems vendors as they develop new product and service offerings. Why users are unable to combine pdf files on adobe acrobat. In its broadest sense, cyber security for the power industry covers all issues involving automation and communications that affect the operation of electric power systems and the functioning of the utilities that manage them. Special cyber security issues for the smart grid 3. As a result, they help utilities address two of the main issues in todays world. This document provides information for a report to congress on smart grid security as required by section 9 of title xiii of the energy independence and security act of 2007.
In this paper, the key threats targeting the smart grid are. The smart grid program was established in the energy independence and security act of 2007, which mandated that security be built into the system that would use intelligent networking and automation to better control the flow and delivery of electricity to consumers. Since the research on cyber security for the smart grid. The smart grid architecture amalgamates the physical power grid and a communication grid into a single monolithic network.
The objective of this paper is to raise the awareness about the security issues related to the adoption of such technologies in power grids. For instance, vpns only secure the transport level protocols, but do not secure the application level protocols. It is more likely now that theft, malicious attack and fraud will be committed by people working remotely from a laptop several miles away, even in a different. Security challenges in smartgrid metering and control.
In the smart grid, many distributed renewable energy sources will be connected into the power transmission and distribution systems as integral components. Vulnerabilities and countermeasures a survey on the. Security issues on smart grid and blockchainbased secure smart energy management system article pdf available in matec web of conferences 260. There are some factors, such as human behavior, regulatory policy, commercial interests, and political.
The smart grid is aidea of a better electricity delivery infrastructure. This document is annex 2 of 5 to the enisa study smart grid security. Mar 20, 2009 smart grid will use advanced sensors to improve electricity efficiency and reliability cyber security experts say some types of meters can be hacked company. There are many online solutions available but it is not safe to use online pdf merger tools.